Enhancing Digital Literacy in K-12 Education Through Learning Management Systems

Introduction

Digital literacy has become a crucial skill in today’s rapidly evolving educational landscape. With the growing reliance on technology in classrooms, students must develop the ability to navigate digital tools, assess online information critically, and communicate effectively using modern platforms. Schools are increasingly integrating learning management systems (LMS) to support this transformation, ensuring students acquire the necessary digital skills for both academic and professional success.

One such system, offers an interactive learning environment that fosters digital proficiency among students while streamlining teaching for educators. This article explores how learning management systems contribute to digital literacy in K-12 education and how educators can use them to enhance learning experiences.

What is Digital Literacy?

Digital literacy is the ability to use technology effectively and responsibly. It goes beyond basic computer skills and involves:

  • Understanding Digital Tools – Knowing how to use software and online platforms for learning and communication.
  • Information Evaluation – Assessing the reliability and credibility of online sources.
  • Cybersecurity Awareness – Protecting personal data and understanding digital safety.
  • Digital Communication Skills – Using emails, forums, and collaboration tools appropriately.
  • File & Data Management – Organizing and storing digital files efficiently.

In the modern classroom, digital literacy is essential for preparing students to succeed in higher education and future careers.

How Learning Management Systems Support Digital Literacy

LMS platforms like Canvas serve as central hubs for online education, providing students with structured access to digital learning resources, collaboration tools, and assessments. They contribute to digital literacy in several key ways:

1. Access to Structured Learning Materials

  • LMS platforms allow teachers to upload and organize digital resources, including presentations, videos, eBooks, and worksheets.
  • Students learn how to navigate these digital materials efficiently, reinforcing their ability to manage information online.

2. Collaboration and Digital Communication

  • Discussion forums, group projects, and peer feedback features teach students how to interact professionally in digital environments.
  • Students develop digital communication skills by engaging in structured online discussions and working on collaborative assignments.

3. Critical Thinking and Online Research

  • Teachers can assign research-based projects that require students to assess the credibility of online sources.
  • LMS tools can integrate with external resources like academic databases, encouraging responsible research habits.

4. Digital Assessments and Feedback

  • Automated quizzes, real-time feedback, and progress tracking help students understand their strengths and areas for improvement.
  • LMS tools teach students how to interpret digital reports and analytics, enhancing their data literacy.

5. Cybersecurity and Responsible Online Behavior

  • LMS platforms reinforce the importance of strong passwords, secure logins, and ethical online behavior.
  • Schools can integrate lessons on digital citizenship, ensuring students understand the risks and responsibilities of online engagement.

Key Features That Enhance Digital Literacy

1. Interactive Content & Multimedia Learning

  • Supports videos, simulations, and gamification to engage students in multiple learning styles.
  • Encourages students to explore different formats of digital learning, improving adaptability.

2. Cloud-Based File & Resource Management

  • Students can access, upload, and submit assignments online, learning how to handle cloud-based storage.
  • Enhances digital organization skills through structured file management.

3. Real-Time Communication Tools

  • Chat, email, and discussion features that teach students how to communicate effectively in a digital space.
  • Encourages professional etiquette in online interactions.

4. Mobile Learning & Accessibility

  • Mobile-friendly design allows students to engage in learning from various devices, improving digital fluency.
  • Ensures inclusivity with accessibility tools like screen readers and translation options.

5. Analytics & Personalized Learning Paths

  • Real-time analytics help students track their progress and make informed learning decisions.
  • Customizable learning paths cater to different skill levels, promoting self-directed digital learning.

How Teachers Can Integrate LMS into Digital Literacy Training

Educators play a vital role in ensuring that students develop strong digital literacy skills. By leveraging Canvas, teachers can incorporate the following strategies into their curriculum:

1. Assign Research-Based Projects

  • Require students to use credible sources, cite information correctly, and avoid misinformation.
  • Provide guidance on distinguishing reliable educational websites from unverified sources.

2. Use Gamification to Encourage Engagement

  • Introduce interactive quizzes, leaderboards, and rewards to make digital learning more engaging.
  • Encourage students to explore LMS features in a fun and motivating way.

3. Teach Cybersecurity Best Practices

  • Educate students on data privacy, safe online behaviors, and recognizing phishing scams.
  • Use real-world examples to illustrate the consequences of poor cybersecurity practices.

4. Promote Digital Collaboration

  • Assign group projects where students must communicate and collaborate using LMS tools.
  • Encourage peer-to-peer learning through discussion boards and shared document editing.

5. Provide Digital Citizenship Lessons

  • Teach ethical online behavior, responsible social media use, and how to create a positive digital footprint.
  • Reinforce the importance of respecting intellectual property and digital copyrights.

The Future of Digital Literacy in Education

As technology continues to evolve, digital literacy will become even more critical in education. LMS platforms will remain at the forefront of this transformation, equipping students with essential tech skills that will benefit them beyond the classroom.

Future advancements in artificial intelligence (AI), virtual reality (VR), and adaptive learning technologies will further enhance LMS platforms, offering even more opportunities for personalized learning and digital skill development. Schools that embrace these tools will better prepare students for the demands of higher education and the workforce.

Conclusion

In today’s technology-driven world, digital literacy is no longer optional—it’s a necessity. Learning management systems provide the tools and resources needed to build strong digital skills among students. By integrating digital literacy training into daily lessons, educators can ensure that students are not only comfortable using technology but also capable of navigating the digital world safely and responsibly.

With the right strategies, LMS platforms can become powerful allies in education, bridging the gap between traditional learning and the digital future. As more schools adopt technology in the classroom, the role of platforms will only continue to grow, shaping the next generation of digital-savvy learners.

Environmental and Genetic Factors in Dog Allergies

Like people, dogs may react to pollen, dust mites, or certain foods. Some breeds are more prone to allergies because of genetics. Retrievers and terriers, for example, often inherit sensitivities that make them more vulnerable. 

Environmental factors also play a role in the well-being and comfort of your pooch. So, it’s your responsibility, as a pet owner, to understand your dog’s reactions to allergens and address them the best you can.

Usually, simple adjustments such as dietary changes or reducing allergen exposure are enough. You just have to be aware of your four-legged friend’s state of health to be able to help them. If you’re ready to learn more about what causes dog allergies, keep reading!

What Are Dog Allergies?

In both humans and dogs, allergies can be simply explained as an overreaction of the immune system to something it sees as harmful, even though it isn’t. 

These “somethings” are called triggers and, in the case of dogs, can include pollen, certain foods, flea saliva, or dust mites. These are usually harmless (maybe mildly uncomfortable), but your pooch’s body sees them as threats and goes into defense mode – sending an arsenal of various immune cells in order to attack the threat. The body responds in various ways to this imune response. 

A dog suffering from allergies might have:

  • Itchy skin, so they scratch a place over and over
  • Red skin or ears
  • Sneezing fits
  • Watery eyes
  • Upset stomach (vomiting/diarrhea)

They may also lick their paws excessively.

Some dogs may only show one symptom, while others might have several.

Left untreated for too long, allergic reactions can lead to infections or worsen over time. This is why early diagnosis of allergies is important.

If you suspect your furry friend may have an allergic reaction, but it doesn’t look too serious, get a home allergy test for dogs. These are quite convenient for the regular dog owner as they help you identify common allergens through saliva or hair samples. 

However, if symptoms persist despite your efforts at home, or if they seem severe, take your dog to the vet. Vets can perform detailed tests and prescribe treatments like antihistamines or specialized diets tailored specifically to relieve your pup’s discomfort.

Genetic Factors Behind Dog Allergies

Some dog breeds are genetically predisposed to allergies due to inherited traits. For instance, breeds like Golden Retrievers, Labrador Retrievers, Bulldogs, and Terriers are prone to skin or food allergies. This often has to do with the fact that these breeds have had less genetic variation in their past, leading to less healthy descendants. 

Hereditary traits influence how the immune system responds to allergens, so if a dog’s parents have sensitivities, it increases the likelihood their puppies will develop similar issues. You can see this in Bulldogs, who often inherit weaker skin barriers that make them more vulnerable to irritants. 

Environmental Triggers That Cause Allergic Reactions

Most pooches spend time inside and outside, so you have to be aware of common triggers like pollen (from trees, grass, or weeds) or mold spores (in damp areas). Seasonal changes often cause reactions similar to human hay fever.

Indoors, dust mites lurking in carpets or furniture are frequent irritants. Household cleaning products with strong chemicals can also trigger symptoms, and so can cigarette smoke. 

How to Manage Your Dog’s Allergies

The first thing to do when you suspect allergies (or have confirmed it with a home test) is to talk to your vet. They will give you clear steps on what to do, pinpoint triggers, and recommend treatments tailored to your dog’s needs.

Common options include hypoallergenic foods, designed to avoid food-related allergens, or allergy shots that help desensitize the immune system over time. For skin-related issues, topical creams or medicated baths are a great option.

Lifestyle adjustments also play a key role. Regular grooming during peak shedding seasons helps remove allergens trapped in fur. Indoors, maintaining good air filtration reduces dust and pollen exposure.

Wrap Up

When you take the time to learn how dog allergies impact your pooch’s well-being, you can take proactive steps to improve their life. In most cases, it doesn’t take much to make their life a little better and see them happier. 

Do Genetics Have Anything to Do With Risk Taking?

You are enjoying a hot summer day with your friends at the local river and they encourage you to scurry up a steep pile of rocks with them. At the top they begin to take turns urging one another to jump and plunge into the water below. Your heart is racing. It looks fun, and the water there appears calm and deep enough, but it could be dangerous. Your brain races through a semi-subconscious risk-benefit analysis: To jump or not to jump? 

What makes one person more prone to risk than others? Is it how you grew up or your genetics? Or maybe it is a bit of both. To start, what we know for sure is animals, including humans, have different levels of risk and loss aversion behaviors. Some people seem to love the thrill of fun activities with some potential risk, from extreme sports to online casino slots while others are much happier staying in their comfort zone. What seems to be agreed upon is that environmental factors and upbringing definitely shape this part of us, but do our genes have an influence as well? 

The Science

In short, there are definitely a few genes that have been linked to risk-taking behavior in various studies, but genetics are extremely complicated. This study for example uncovered various genes tied to risk taking behavior. Interestingly, they also found that the same genes that may make us risk-prone can also lead to obesity, addiction, and mental illness. This means that people may be genetically predisposed to having more fun betting on a sports game with melbet slot while others would rather just watch – but that isn’t the only factor influencing how you make decisions. 

This scientific review for example, both recognizes the genetic component of risk taking that scientists are uncovering and cautions that there is a lot of research to be done on understanding how genetics interact with our environment to produce our personalities and decision making processes. 

Genetically Predisposed Does Not Mean Certain 

It is important to note that just because you have a genetic predisposition to something does not mean it defines your personality. Genetics are extremely complicated since the expression of genes can be changed a lot by our environment. As an example, someone who is at higher risk of heart disease because of genetics can live a healthy lifestyle and avoid it all together – the same goes for how many factors in your life – such as your family, upbringing, past experiences – will impact the level of risk-taker you are. 

End Thoughts

As the field of genetics continues to improve we are understanding more about how our genetics influence our lives. At the same time, we also learn more about just how complicated it all is. At the end of the day, there are genes that can be linked to risk taking behavior and therefore people who may be predisposed to being more risky, but environmental factors still have a huge part in developing our decision making. It will be interesting to see what we uncover next!

5 Technological Innovations Changing Gaming Experiences Online

Online gaming continues to evolve, shaped by groundbreaking technologies that push boundaries. These innovations aren’t just making games look better—they’re changing how we experience them entirely.

So, here are five technological innovations that are rapidly changing online gaming experiences.

1. Artificial Intelligence (AI) in NPC Design  

Artificial Intelligence enables NPCs (Non-Playable Characters) in online video games to mimic human-like behaviors using complex algorithms. 

Reinforcement learning, a technique where AI learns optimal actions by trial and error within simulated environments, trains these characters to respond intelligently. This means NPCs adapt based on the player’s actions instead of following pre-written scripts.

And Natural Language Processing (NLP) allows speech-based interactions with realistic dialogues. By breaking down language into analyzable patterns through tokenization and syntax parsing, NLP systems understand context and intent in conversations. 

These technologies collectively bring depth to online games. Players encounter dynamic characters that are capable of unique responses and learning from repeated gameplay scenarios.

2. Virtual Reality (VR)  

Virtual reality creates fully immersive environments using advanced hardware and software. 

VR headsets employ stereoscopic displays to provide depth perception. So, they can easily simulate things like a 3D casino space. 

Gyroscopic sensors and accelerometers within these devices track head movements, allowing users to look around virtual tables or slot machines naturally.

Motion controllers enhance this realism further by translating hand gestures into game actions. For example, in online casino games, picking up cards or placing chips uses positional tracking through infrared sensors or cameras.

And rendering engines power photorealistic casino visuals with precise lighting and textures, creating authentic settings. 

This immersion transforms gaming into interactive experiences where players feel present.

VR casino games have yet to become the norm, but they are sure to become much more popular in the near future. In the meantime, gamers still enjoy playing games – like blackjack and roulette – at traditional online casino platforms. If you’re interested, the best roulette casinos can be found here!

3. Haptic Feedback Devices  

Haptic feedback devices simulate touch sensations in online gaming by converting digital signals into physical vibrations or motions. 

These devices use actuators, small motors, or mechanisms that create tactile responses based on in-game events. 

For example, a racing game might trigger vibrations simulating road texture, while an online casino could replicate the feeling of rolling dice.

Advanced haptics also utilize pressure and frequency modulation to mimic more nuanced sensations, like the pull of a slot machine lever or the recoil from firing virtual weapons. Coupled with real-time data processing algorithms, these systems synchronize responses instantly.

This tactile interaction deepens immersion among online games by bridging the sensory gap between players and digital worlds.

4. Ray Tracing Graphics Enhancements  

Ray tracing revolutionizes online gaming visuals by simulating the physics of light. 

Unlike traditional rendering, which relies on approximations for lighting and shadows, ray tracing algorithms calculate the paths of individual light rays as they interact with virtual surfaces. 

This process models reflection, refraction, and diffusion with stunning accuracy.

In online games, this technology creates realistic effects like lifelike reflections and natural shadowing. 

GPUs optimized for ray tracing accelerate these calculations using parallel processing cores designed to handle massive data loads.

The result? Games feature photorealistic environments where lighting behaves as it would in real life – enhancing visual immersion for players across platforms!

5. Augmented Reality (AR) Integration  

Lastly, augmented reality integrates digital elements into the physical world by overlaying computer-generated graphics or information onto real-world views. 

AR relies on technologies like simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM), which uses sensors to map environments in real time while tracking a user’s position. 

Cameras, depth sensors, and advanced software work together to seamlessly blend virtual objects with physical surroundings.

For online gaming, this technology could enable players to visualize things like 3D poker tables on their dining room table or interact with slot machines projected onto nearby surfaces. 

While not widely implemented yet in this space, AR’s potential for blending reality and gameplay offers exciting opportunities for personalized and immersive gaming experiences!

The Neuroscience of Prediction: Why Tarot Feels Accurate

Tarot cards are gaining popularity as a tool for self-discovery and self-learning. Many people don’t consider their tarot decks as instruments for divination. Instead, they use the cards to get insights and find explanations for their decisions. 

In our article, we will take a close look at the connection between neuroscience and tarot reading. We’ll discover how intuition works and what its role in gaining insights. By applying some scientific-based approaches we will find out what influences the accuracy of tarot reading and how to boost the connection with cards.

If you want to get help with answers to your questions through the cards, it’s easy to do it with the best online tarot reading services like TarotAtlas where experienced readers are ready to help you glimpse beyond the veil.

What is the subject of neuroscience?

Neuroscience studies the processes in the human brain and nervous system defining essential consistent patterns of its work. The human brain is the vital organ that enables us to move, breathe, eat, consume information, think, analyze, and regulate multiple other tasks.

Our brain is the part of the human central nervous system that consists of nerves and the spinal cord. This complex system regulates both the conscious and subconscious. The field of neuroscience is enormously vast as the systems it studies are complicated.

Tarot and Neuroscience: How our Brain Works

The bond between the patterns of the processes in the human brain and divination is an interesting subject to learn. In the book ‘The Neuroscience of Tarot: From Imagery to Intuition to Prediction’ by Siddharth Ramakrishnan, the author underlines that neuroscience is connected with intuition. Hence, tarot readers do not simply imagine the interpretations of cards and their combinations. Ramakrishnan studies the ways of how our unconsciousness works, attaching images on cards with our own experiences, and concludes certain emotional responses.

The book explores many aspects. Among them are moving from intuition to insight, the mechanism of making narratives from images, emotional activation of body maps, and many more. 

The main part of the book is focused on practical tasks and exercises that help tarot enthusiasts boost their connection with cards and realize how they get exact interpretations in their minds. The author proves that there is a certain connection between real-world scenarios and science through the prism of divination with the help of the tarot.

The Neuroscience of Prediction: Why Tarot Feels Accurate

Tarot isn’t just a regular instrument for divination. Since it originated from the combination of playing cards, occult traditions, mystery, alchemy, astrology, spirituality, and esoteric it also absorbed symbols and meanings from many cultures. Some researchers of tarot consider that modern tarot decks combine symbolic meanings that appeal to conscious and subconscious minds.

If we apply the neuroscience concepts to the idea of tarot relation to our mind on all levels, we get closer to understanding why tarot feels accurate. In simple words, the subconscious mind is not the thing a human can analyze and discover. Our brain can make its own decisions that we don’t realize hence we can’t change them. However, with the use of tarot, one can develop a connection between the conscious and subconscious minds. It’s like giving your subconscious mind a tool to express it and give a hint on the reasons for its decisions.

What Influences the Accuracy of Tarot Readings?

Now when we realize how neuroscience concepts work and apply to the fact that tarot feels so accurate, we will dig deeper and try to understand the mechanics of successful readings along with tarot etiquette. In other words, we will define the exact factors that influence tarot accuracy that make them work together with neuroscience relations.

Intuition

Our gut also is a product of our brain’s work. When we compare two tarot readers with different levels of empathy and intuition, the one who is capable of developing an emotional bond with another person will produce more accurate readings. Moreover, using intuition as an instrument helps to make readings more personalized.

Experience of a reader

Tarot readers have polished their skills over the years. The correlation between the accuracy of tarot and the level of a reader’s professionalism is undeniable. It also involves the development of neural connections among our cerebral neurons. Hence during repeated readings, an individual widens acknowledgement of tarot symbols and interactions between them.

Concrete request

Formulating the right question to ask tarot cards is also a factor that can influence the result of reading. If you ask a question that assumes a yes or no answer or requires advice, the answer will be more accurate.

Ethical aspects

Respecting clients and being aware of ethical norms is crucial for tarot readers. Many clients want to receive readings confidentially. If a person feels that a reader treats them respectfully, their openness and trust help to get the best results. 

The personality of a client

If you read cards to a person who’s skeptical and unsure whether they trust you or not, the result may be unclear. When a client is excited and open, the readings feel more accurate.

Conclusion

The connection between neuroscience and tarot is an interesting subject to explore. The work of our brain as a part of the human nervous system includes multiple simultaneous operations. Being one of the main organs that enables moving, speaking, breathing, thinking, and more functions of our organism, the human brain still requires further studying. Scientists learn specific patterns of the brain’s work to define how this system enables the regulation of subconscious and conscious systems.

Intuition is the product of the brain’s work. By learning the connections between consumed information and its interpretation based on previous experience we can see the process of gaining insights. Thanks to such scientists and enthusiasts as Siddharth Ramakrishnan, the author of the book ‘The Neuroscience of Tarot: From Imagery to Intuition to Prediction’, we can see how repeating specific exercises can boost the connection of tarot readers with their subconscious and help them read the messages from their intuition.

We hope you enjoyed reading this article. Good luck!

Let’s Talk About Screen Time! Pros and Cons from a Biology Perspective

In the age of ever improving technology and a growing reliance on our computers and smartphones, what is all that time on screen doing to us? Well, some of it is good and some not so much. Technology allows us to stay connected to people we love, enjoy some of our favorite science videos, or play games and dabble in a bit of online betting. On the other hand, too much screen time can be harmful. So in a short summary what do we as biologists say about screen time and how can you responsibly enjoy your time chatting to friends and scrolling your favorite social pages like wild green memes or melbet mongolia?

Pros of Using Smartphones

We can’t deny that there are some awesome pros of the technology that we possess today. Humans are social beings that need community and contact, and sometimes technology can help us with that. It is also good for our brains to continue learning all the time, and smartphones give us easy access to virtually infinite knowledge. Here are some benefits to enjoying time on your phones: 

  • It is easier stay connected to people that live far away 
  • You can find an online community with similar interests (that might not exist in your area) 
  • You can more easily learn new things. Think language apps! 
  • You can play puzzles and games that are good for keeping your brain active and healthier 
  • You can even use apps and motivation from different creators to improve your own health and fitness 

Cons of Screen Time

Humans are undeniably social and we like to learn things but we also evolved as a hunter-gatherer society, which means we need to move a lot and we learn better from doing – being on your smartphone is exactly the opposite of this. Here are just a few cons of smartphones:

  • Being sedentary and sitting on your phone too long is bad for both mental and physical health. 
  • Lot’s of social apps are designed to deliver a lot of dopamine, which initially sounds like a good thing but can also lead to dopamine addictions. This means you stay glued to your screen and many normal interactions that should help you feel good don’t have the same impact. Essentially it is a “too much of a good thing” scenario. 
  • We often miss out on real experiences and deeper connections because we are glued to our phones
  • Being on your phone can negatively impact sleep. If you are on your screen before bed, your pituitary gland that helps your body to prepare for sleep gets confused by the light and might not help trigger the right hormones to help you get a good night’s rest. 

Strategies to limit screen time 

There are many things you can try in order to strike a healthy balance with screen time. Here are a few ideas:

  • Use screen time functions in your phone’s settings to remind you and/or lock the app when you have been on a certain app for a certain amount of time
  • There are third party screen time apps that employ different strategies that help you think about how much time you spend on your phone. Try exploring different ones to see what works best for you
  • Buddy system – work with a friend, partner, or family member to remind each other to take screen breaks and do something else – preferably get outside and enjoy quality time together 
  • Try some different rules for your routine like “no phones at the dinner table” or “ no phones after 9pm” or “no phones in bed” 

Something different will work for everybody but the important thing is to recognize the pros and cons of screen time and find strategies that work for you to stay happier and healthier! 

Understanding the Science Behind Psychic Phenomena

Psychological phenomena have long captivated humans. From clairvoyance to telepathy, many claim extraordinary abilities beyond conventional understanding—yet how much of this phenomenon is grounded in science? In this article, we’ll look at theories, studies, and perspectives that try to shed light on psychic experiences.

How Our Minds Interpret Reality

Human minds are incredible information processors, yet they can also be vulnerable to cognitive biases and illusions. Some scientists suggest that some psychic experiences could be explained by gaps in perception being filled in by our brains.

  • Pattern Recognition: Our brains are hardwired to see patterns even where none exist, which can create the impression of meaningful connections where none are. This may lead to people believing they are experiencing telepathy or precognition when there are none—an effect known as pareidolia when people see faces in inanimate objects or believe unrelated events have links between them.
  • Memory and Suggestion: Studies reveal the malleable nature of human memory. People’s memories can change due to external suggestions, reinforcing beliefs about past psychic experiences. Furthermore, false memory studies demonstrate how individuals may vividly recall events that never took place, further undermining credibility claims for psychic phenomena.

Neuroscience research suggests that some brain regions, including temporal lobes, may contribute to altered states of perception. People experiencing increased activity in these regions may report seeing visions or hearing sounds they interpret as psychic messages; meditation or sensory deprivation may further heighten perception and lead to paranormal experiences.

Quantum Mechanics and the Possibility of Psychic Abilities

Researchers believe quantum physics might offer insight into psychic phenomena. Quantum mechanics refers to particles behaving unexpectedly, which some theorists think could relate to consciousness and extrasensory perception (ESP).

  • Entanglement Theory: Quantum mechanics has shown us how entangled particles interact instantly over long distances, suggesting this might explain telepathic connections. If two minds could become intertwined in some unknown manner, this would allow instantaneous information transference between minds.
  • Observer Effect: The idea that observation changes outcomes raises fundamental questions about consciousness’s place in reality. Some have even proposed that psychic experiences are advanced manifestations of this principle, where individuals can influence or perceive future events through unknown mechanisms.

While these theories are certainly intriguing, mainstream physics does not currently support any correlation between quantum mechanics, psychic abilities, and quantum theory; further research must be completed to establish any solid link. Furthermore, critics contend that applying quantum theories to human consciousness is theoretical and lacks empirical support.

Studies on Extrasensory Perception

Scientists have conducted many experiments to test the validity of extrasensory perception (ESP), with mixed results. One such experiment, the Ganzfeld Experiment, was designed to examine telepathy under controlled conditions.

  • Participants were placed in isolated rooms to reduce sensory stimulation.
  • Sender (sender of information or message).
  • The “receiver” attempted to describe what they sensed.

Though some studies reported success rates above chance, replication has been inconsistent, making ESP an intensely debated subject among scientists. While some suggest a small but statistically significant effect in some instances, others find no such evidence; furthermore, critics point out methodological issues, including sensory leakage and experimenter bias, that may account for positive results.

Meta-analyses of ESP experiments demonstrate that although specific effects seem significant at first glance, their significance quickly fades when strict controls are applied. This leads researchers to question if their observed results stem from actual psychic phenomena or psychological/methodological artifacts.

Psychological Explanations of Psychic Experiences

Many psychic experiences can be explained using psychological principles rather than paranormal activity, with key components including:

  • The Forer Effect: People tend to interpret generalized statements as applying specifically to them. This phenomenon is frequently witnessed during psychic readings, where vague descriptions may be seen as highly personal descriptions.
  • Confirmation Bias: When individuals seek evidence that confirms their beliefs while disregarding information that suggests otherwise, this phenomenon reinforces psychic interpretations such as horoscopes and fortune telling.
  • Sleep Paralysis and Hypnagogic Hallucinations: Many supernatural experiences, such as seeing spirits, occur between wakefulness and sleep when the brain becomes highly suggestible. This leads to vivid hallucinations that feel real but are the result of normal neurological processes.

Psychological explanations do not contradict psychic experiences but offer alternative, scientific-backed interpretations that shed new light on them. They also show how our minds can create compelling yet false narratives based on expectations, prior beliefs, and subconscious influences.

Cultural and Historical Perspectives on Psychic Phenomena

The rise of spiritualism in the 19th and 20th centuries popularized mediumship and paranormal investigations. In modern times, platforms like Kasamba have made psychic consultations more accessible. But what is Kasamba, and how does it fit into this historical context?. Each culture interprets psychic phenomena differently:

  • Ancient Civilizations: Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans all looked to oracles for guidance, believing they possessed divine insight. One such oracle in Greece was the Delphi, which was thought to be used as a conduit between gods and humans.
  • Eastern Traditions: Meditation and Chi energy practices emphasize increased awareness and perception. Furthermore, some Eastern philosophies view intuition and psychic abilities as spiritual gifts rather than supernatural powers.
  • Modern Spiritual Movements: Spiritualism’s rise during the 19th and 20th centuries led to widespread interest in mediumship, paranormal investigations, and spirit communication through rapping sounds by famous groups like Fox Sisters in 1899 that continue today.

Understanding these cultural contexts provides insight into psychic phenomena, which are part of human curiosity about what remains mysterious. While interpretations vary, searching for hidden knowledge or unexplained connections remains a universal human endeavor.

Conclusion: Explanations and the Unknown

As scientific research has not conclusively verified psychic abilities, studies continue to explore human consciousness, perception, and the possibility of undiscovered forces at play. 

Whether psychic phenomena arise due to cognitive processes, quantum effects, or undiscovered natural laws remains a fascinating area of inquiry; future advancements in neuroscience and physics may provide more clarity, but until then, the mysteries of the mind continue to challenge and inspire inquiry. As research techniques improve, we may discover new explanations that bridge belief with empirical evidence, bringing us one step closer to comprehending the true nature of psychic phenomena.

What’s Up With The Elm Zigzag Saw Fly?

Imagine yourself walking down a residential street in mid summer. First, picture that the street is devoid of trees. The sun is hot and there is no shade to be found. You can hear a few birds chirping from bushes but otherwise the most notable thing around you is the heat from the pavement and a general lack of life. Now, imagine the street lined with elm trees. These beautiful trees are providing shade for the sidewalks, their leaves are rustling in the wind, birds flutter between them – wow, that is so much better! Though it might be something that many of us take for granted, it is impossible to ignore how important our urban greenery is for our quality of life and mental health. Trees, shrubbery, and flowers help keep us closer to nature and it is crucial that we include plants in our urban planning. From lining streets to offering a shady picnic in our parks, elm trees make up a large portion of our urban trees, but now they are in danger from an invasive insect called the elm zig zag sawfly… and we have to do something about it. 

The Elm Tree 

Elm trees refer to various species in the Ulmus genus. The most common in North America being American Elm (Ulmus americana). Trees from this genus are beautiful, fast growing, and sturdy trees. These factors make them a popular choice for planting in populated areas and are also what gives them a crucial role in native ecosystems. In the past, populations of these trees have suffered from Dutch Elm Disease and they are now also under threat from an invasive insect called the zig zag sawfly. 

How to ID an elm tree 

Knowing the names of the trees and other plants around you can be a fun way to be more connected to nature, even if it is just in your own backyard. Here are a few key factors for elm tree identification: 

  • Dark brown-grey bark with furrows 
  • Bark is flaky along furrows 
  • Tall with branches off of a single trunk 
  • Leaves are uneven at the base / have an asymmetrical stem 
  • Leaves are oval shaped and bright green 
  • Leaves have distinct veins and the edges have a saw-like appearance 

What is the Elm Zigzag Sawfly? 

The Elm Zigzag Sawfly (Aproceros leucopoda) is a very interesting insect that actually isn’t a fly at all. This sawfly belongs to the order hymenoptera – which is the order that contains wasps, bees, and ants! Though this is an extremely diverse group, this species is quite interesting because few organisms in the order hymenoptera have a life cycle that is so similar to that of lepidoptera (the order containing butterflies and moths). 

You see, the zigzag sawfly has a four part lifecycle – egg, larvae, pupae, and adult – where the larvae eat leaves, similar to caterpillars. The weirdness doesn’t stop there. When adults emerge from their pupae they are all females! These females are immediately ready to lay eggs thanks to a weird little “trick” called parthenogenesis – the ability to lay viable eggs without mating with another individual. Until now, no males have been found so we think they might not even exist. 

Once ready, the female lays her eggs on elm leaves, right along the little tips of the “saw” blades, and the larva soon emerge to eat away these leaves in their distinctive zigzag pattern. They continue eating and growing until they are ready to pupate. Their life cycle is quite short, so there can be 4 generations a year in North America! They have shorter pupations in summer and the last generation of the season pupates in a studier cocoon made to last through the winter. This in addition to the fact that they can travel up to 90 km in a year makes them a great candidate for an invasive species.   

This intriguing little insect is native to Asia – namely China and Japan – and has since spread across parts of Europe and is also found in North America. This particular sawfly was first found in North America in Quebec, Canada and is spreading. It has now spread to Virginia, North Carolina, Maryland, Pennsylvania, New York, and Ohio, Vermont, and Masshucsetts

ID the elm zigzag sawfly 

You are more likely to find the distinct damage of the leaves before the little insects themselves but it is good to know how to ID the insects as well. You see, the little larvae eat in a very clear zigzag pattern as they munch away on elm leaves – hence the name “zig zag sawfly”. As they get bigger the zigzag is not as clear, but there are usually multiple life stages at once on one tree, so you should be able to find the pattern! As for the insect itself, here are some key factors for zigzag sawfly identification

  • The egg is very tiny – less than 1 mm long. They are a blue green-black and found right along the saw tips of leaves. 
  • Larva start as a greyish white and become bright green with some black markings – including tiny black spots along their body near their breathing holes 
  • Pupa/the cocoons are loosely woven and light (they look like mesh or a net) and are often found on the underside of the leaves or on branches. The winter pupa are much more tightly wound and are actually found in the leaf litter where they will stay dormant until spring. 
  • Adults are shiny wasp-like “flies” (though they aren’t really flies) that don’t have the typical skinny waist of a wasp. They do however have typical wasp antennae. They are also small, 6-7 mm. Legs are yellow with white tarsi (the “feet”) and wings are brown. 

ZigZag Sawfly and Elms 

The elm zigzag sawfly relies on elm trees and when they are found outside of their native range, without any checks and balances, their population can quickly get out of control. 

The thing with invasive species is they are essentially just trying to carry out their normal life cycle, but outside of their normal range. The problem here is that factors which would keep their population in check, like competitors and predators, are not always around in these new environments. With no one to slow them down, they can quickly multiply into bountiful populations, potentially causing harm to the native flora and fauna of that area. 

In the case of the elm zigzag sawfly in North America, they do not have the same competition or predation that they would back home, and the elm trees here haven’t evolved the same defenses against them. These factors together make for a booming population of the insects that feed on elm leaves and leave the trees vulnerable.  

What are the impacts of the elm zig zag sawfly? 

Booming populations of zig zag sawfly means that elms are getting a lot of their leaves eaten. Trees have to use a lot of resources to grow leaves, and then they also need those leaves to help them create energy so that they can survive, continue to grow, and reproduce. If their leaves are under constant attack from a little army of hungry larvae then they may not be able to put enough energy towards growth and/or reproduction and could even become weak enough to become sick and die. 

So far, American elms seem to be able to manage smaller populations of elm zig zag sawfly without being too impacted, as most plants are used to being munched on a bit after all. However, young trees are more vulnerable and we still do not understand how bad the problem could get if we do not do something about it. With that being said, what can be done to help? 

Management 

Invasive species management is very complicated and requires a lot of research to find solutions that can reduce and hopefully eradicate the invasive species without harming too many native plants and animals and without introducing any more issues. 

Regulating movement of organic material 

Like many modern problems, prevention of spread is the most important and effective. Researchers work to understand the ways that an invasive species spreads and then policy makers will hopefully do their best to apply this knowledge to reducing the spread of an invasive species. This is why there are strict rules about moving organic material like live plants and firewood from one area to another, whether it is a whole country or just within a small region. Checking that plants aren’t carrying potential invasive species before they are moved is a great start. 

Research for control and eradication 

In areas where an invasive species is already established, researchers must test various hypotheses for the control of an organism and then apply it to the field. The elm zig zag sawfly’s life cycle, mode of transport, and weaknesses to predation and/or chemicals and pesticides are being studied by researchers such as Dr. Kelly Oten, a forest entomologist, in order to control and hopefully get rid of this pest outside of its native range. 

One example of a potential solution is exploring the relationship between potential predators like the assassin bug (Order hemiptera) to aid in controlling the population. This method is known as “biological control” and is implemented for other problematic invasive species such as the emerald ash borer. In parts of Europe sawfly populations have also been controlled by using different chemical applications to elm trees

On an individual level, if you find sawflies on your elm tree you can remove them even by hand or use a tree-safe general insecticide when larvae are present. When in doubt it is best to contact your local extension or forestry office for advice. 

Researchers do a lot for the control of this problem, but as resources are not always extensive and researchers are also not able to be in many places at once, the importance of citizen science comes into play. With help from the public, institutions can get more information and improve their data. Research of the zigzag saw fly for example is greatly improved through reporting of its presence by people throughout North America. 

Monitoring 

One of the most important parts of researching an invasive species for its control is to understand where it is currently and if it is continuing to spread. This can also help influence policy to concentrate resources on the areas that are most affected and on preventing the organism from establishing somewhere new. 

Researchers do a lot of monitoring themselves but they can’t be everywhere, so this is where is is crucial to have people across the continent reporting sightings of elm zig zag sawfly if they see it. 

What do I do if I find a zig zag sawfly? Reporting zig zag sawfly

If you see the classic zig zag chew patterns on leaves or see the insects themselves, take the best quality photos you can and report them to your local extension! You can also upload the pictures to iNaturalist as researchers also use this as a tool to collect data! 

In Conclusion 

The elm zig zag sawfly is an invasive insect that is attacking American Elms in Canada and the USA and needs to be closely monitored and controlled. The spread can be reduced by avoiding moving elm trees from areas with the sawfly to other regions and research is being done to help control and potentially eliminate them from the areas where they are established. Through research and a little citizen science we can understand more about this insect, how it lives, and how it spreads, in order to protect our beloved elm trees well into the future. 

What makes AI tools so powerful

Artificial intelligence is everywhere. It is being used by almost every industry that the world has to offer because of its range of capabilities. Organizations and sectors have benefitted in several ways, making AI tools extremely powerful resources.

It largely works by using machine-learning technologies. Many have used these tools to help get them ahead. Businesses have been able to use AI to capture and analyze large data sets in seconds, allowing them to make informed decisions based on knowledge and insights.

It’s not just businesses that have been able to use them. Individuals and users who work in creative fields have been able to use these tools to help them. Content creators have used tools like those available at https://ltx.studio/ to power up what they produce and create authentic, realistic shots without needing to go out and capture them for themselves. Additionally, using AI has streamlined the processes that are gone through, making things more efficient.

Writers have been able to use tools like ChatGPT to help with article generation and the forming and planning of ideas, helping them save time and come up with ideas that can help them create new angles that may not initially have been thought of.

But, what has been making these tools so powerful? Have they become too powerful?

The technology behind AI tools making them powerful

According to Accenture, AI is impossible to ignore or get away from. Findings that they have uncovered suggest that business leaders are looking to adopt the technology and use it as much as possible in the future because of its capabilities.

Given its growth and importance, their AI: Built to Scale report had found that 84% of executives believed that their businesses needed to use AI to help them achieve their growth objectives to reach their goals. However, at the same time, the same findings also highlighted that just over three-quarters of those surveyed (76%) have admitted to finding it difficult to scale AI across their business because of its vastness.

Indeed, this could be due to the technologies used to enable AI to become extremely powerful. As the same report put it, the technology “is a constellation of many different technologies working together to enable machines to sense, comprehend, act, and learn with human-like levels of intelligence.” It’s why there are so many who don’t quite know what to make of the tech or know how to handle it.

With so many different technologies being used, AI can typically come in two forms:

  • Narrow (weak) AI
  • General (strong) AI

Narrow AI is perhaps how many will recognize AI as it is related to singular activities that can be experienced daily. For instance, checking the weather app on a smartphone is a form of narrow AI, as are using digital assistants. This is because they focus on a single task based on increasing efficiencies.

General AI is highlighted as being the type of AI that is used in large-scale operations. For instance, computer-generated images (CGI) in films can be considered a use of General AI, as it is more complex and machines are used to emulate human intelligence to complete the tasks required.

Have AI tools become too powerful?

While AI tools have provided several benefits to their users, it is possible to ask the question about their power. Have they become too powerful?

Some have suggested that they may have. An article produced before AI tools arguably reached the height that they have today (although they are likely to reach new heights because of the machine-learning technologies involved) suggests that they could have been dangerous to humans.

We’ve already seen a fallout regarding content creation and AI tools. For instance, writers have been penalized due to the rise of GPTs like ChatGPT. Many companies have decided to use these programs as they can be quicker and cheaper, despite not being of the same type of quality a human can produce or necessarily factually accurate. Nonetheless, with the continued development of the tools due to their learning capabilities, this can make things a scary time for individuals.

Additionally, though we won’t get into it too much here, many AI tools have been trained on information that they did not have permission to use, such as photographs, artwork, and written works, This adds a complex ethics discussion around the use of AI in certain instances.

In addition, there can be an overreliance on these tools because of what they can achieve. With efficiency often being something that is highly desirable, especially when time equals money for so many, these tools have become the go-to for so many. However, things like AI bias aren’t accounted for, which can harm a user. As the tech is based on learning from past patterns, trends, and information, a level of bias can be experienced. AI can easily give completely false information! This may not always be in the best interest of the user, which could create an issue when used.

Should caution be adopted when using AI tools?

Given the strength of AI tools have today, and the increase they are likely to experience in the future, as well as AI bias and the fact that it can produce false information, and ethics questions, it’s important to air a level of caution when using them.

Although using AI has several benefits, such as improving efficiency and streamlining other processes, it’s worth bearing in mind that they should still be used with human collaboration. They can be prone to mistakes, such as incorporating a level of bias or using old data to learn from.

How Server Farms Are Going Green

If it wasn’t for server farms, our digital lifestyles wouldn’t exist. By operating around the clock, these massive banks of network servers keep the websites we visit, the apps we use, and the smart systems around us online and connected.

Hosting everything from online casinos that allow you to experience exclusive titles to cloud storage that keeps your precious data safe, these server farms deal with staggering amounts of data. And to do this, they consume staggering amounts of resources.

Server Farm Resource Utilization

Recent studies have shown that server farms account for almost 1% of global power usage. This figure, which is calculated by estimating how much each server farm (or data center) around the world uses, places server farms close to the usage of the entire aviation industry.

Although smaller server farms may only use between one and five megawatts of power per day, larger centers (particularly the supersized ones found in places like Silicon Valley) can consume almost 100 MW—enough to power 16,400 average US homes daily. 

This number has dramatically increased with the continuous expansion of AI (artificial intelligence) systems. Due to the raw processing power these servers require, AI servers can consume up to 60 kW of energy per rack. 

Moreover, server farms consume not only power but also excessive amounts of water to cool components and ensure they operate at their best. A 2021 report revealed that Google used almost 3.3 billion gallons of water to cool its server farms in the US alone. When factoring in the company’s international locations, this number increases significantly. 

Why Server Farms Are Going Green

Due to the extensive resources they consume, many server farms are seeking more sustainable solutions or to “go green” entirely. Multiple reasons, some more notable than others, are urging this movement forward.

Environmental Responsibility

As awareness about climate change and the dangers of greenhouse gas emissions continues, greater pressure has been placed on companies operating server farms to reduce their footprint and energy consumption.

This pressure has led to many corporations accepting their role in mitigating the effects of their operations and attempting to find better, more sustainable ways to operate. 

Economic Benefits

Aside from pressures from activists and the general public, renewable energy sources have advanced significantly in recent years—becoming more cost-competitive with traditional sources of power. As a result, more companies are exploring the potential economic benefits of migrating to greener alternatives.

Although costly initially, this move to greener power sources can help reduce a company’s long-term operational costs and boost its image. Additionally, having renewable energy helps shield server farms from fluctuations in the price of electricity.

Governmental Support

The final major reason many server farms are going green is government incentive schemes that aim to make the transition beneficial. These schemes, which provide incentives, subsidies, and tax breaks, are a major part of many governments’ plans to encourage greener living. 

As such, many of these incentives encourage immediate migration to greener power sources through the provision of large grants or subsidies that help mitigate the initial cost of installation. This action addresses the most expensive point in going green and has helped many more companies take the plunge.

How Server Farms Are Going Green

Despite the misconception that the only way server farms are going green is by reducing their reliance on fossil fuel power generation, moving to greener operations typically occurs via one of four methods.

Renewable Power

The first has already been mentioned and remains among the most popular ways to reduce greenhouse gas emissions: switching to renewable power sources. This could include opting to use solar, wind, or hydroelectric power rather than the national grid, which is often powered by fossil fuels.

While the most expensive way to make a greener change is switching to renewable energy, it is also one of the most efficient. This is because power consumption is the primary factor causing server farms to have such a large environmental impact.

Energy-Efficient Systems and Hardware

Aside from how these farms draw power, many companies also focus on the hardware that makes up the farm. Older equipment tends to draw more power and provide less processing power, while modern options have been specifically designed to be energy-efficient and powerful.

By replacing outdated or redundant equipment (such as server racks, network links, etc.) with newer, more modern hardware, server farms can reduce the amount of power consumed, which in turn reduces each farm’s environmental impact.

Cooling Systems

The cooling of server farms has also been a growing concern due to the sheer volume of water required to cool each server efficiently. However, new technologies have helped mitigate the effects of cooling equipment and reduced the reliance on water.

Among these technologies are free-air cooling, evaporative cooling, and liquid cooling (using liquids other than water). Each of these reduces the environmental impact of keeping a server farm cool and helps equipment run more efficiently, reducing the power it requires.

Virtualization

The final way server farms are going green is through the expanded use of virtualization. This technology allows multiple servers to operate on a single physical server unit, providing multiple customers with server resources without needing as much hardware.

Virtualization has allowed server farm owners to downscale operations without sacrificing the number of clients they can service. This reduction in hardware has a compound effect, lowering power consumption and other factors.

The Future Looks Greener

The trend of server farms in the US and internationally toward going green is an admiral initiative. Many huge names in the industry have already made steps toward doing this, such as Facebook’s Prineville site using direct evaporative cooling and Microsoft’s Cheyenne site utilizing hydroelectric power.

With the hurdles of high initial costs and the intermittency of power sometimes associated with renewable energy still needing to be factored in, there is no telling if all server farms will make this move. However, for each one that does, the world becomes a better, more sustainable place to live.